Shakhgildyan G. Y., Lipatiev A. S., Vetchinnikov M. P., Popova V. V., Lotarev S. V., Golubev N. V., et al. (2018). One-step micro-modification of optical properties in silver-doped zinc phosphate glasses by femtosecond direct laser writing. J. Non Cryst. Solids 481, 634–642. 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2017.12.011 [ CrossRef] [ Google Scholar] A triad is the name given to a group of three elements falling vertically in any group of the periodic table. The atomic number of the middle element is the average of the elements above and below it. Glass has been known to mankind for more than 5000 years, and it is one of the most common materials in modern life. Despite its long history, glass remains one of the most interesting objects to study in the field of inorganic materials science. Thanks to the work of researchers around the world and the variety of chemical elements collected in the Periodic Table, new glass compositions and processing methods are produced every year, creating new materials for the development of vital and sustainable technologies. According to theoretical calculations, the number of possible compositions of glasses is so large that the synthesis of all compositions would require the number of atoms close to the maximum theoretical content of atoms in the whole Universe (Zanotto and Coutinho, 2004). Understanding the importance of glass science and technology, D. I. Mendeleev himself was actively engaged in the development of new glass-based materials, his main results were reflected in his 1864s book “Glass Production” (Mendeleev, 1864). For example, rutherfordium falls into group4 and would therefore be expected to behave like its fellow members, zirconium and hafnium. Experiments carried out in the 1990s showed that the relativistic effects were significant enough to make rutherfordium and dubnium behave anomalously. For example, RfCl 4 was found to have an anomalously high volatility. Crumbling periodicity By adding additional elements following this pattern, Mendeleev developed his extended version of the periodic table. [35] [36] On 6 March 1869, he made a formal presentation to the Russian Chemical Society, titled The Dependence between the Properties of the Atomic Weights of the Elements, which described elements according to both atomic weight (now called relative atomic mass) and valence. [37] [38] This presentation stated that

Don C. Rawson, "Mendeleev and the Scientific Claims of Spiritualism." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 122.1 (1978): 1–8. If we consider the sublimation enthalpies of TcO 3Cl, ReO 3Cl and BhO 3Cl, the values are 49, 66 and 89kJmol -1 respectively. If one had tried to predict the value for bohrium from those of the other two on the basis of the triad principle, the prediction would have been 83kJmol -1, which is only 6.7% away from the experimental value. Mendeleev studied petroleum origin and concluded hydrocarbons are abiogenic and form deep within the earth – see Abiogenic petroleum origin.Between 1859 and 1861, he worked on the capillarity of liquids and the workings of the spectroscope in Heidelberg. Later in 1861, he published a textbook named Organic Chemistry. [26] This won him the Demidov Prize of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences. [26] Bellouard Y., Hongler M.-O. (2011). Femtosecond-laser generation of self-organized bubble patterns in fused silica. Opt. Express 19, 6807–6821. 10.1364/oe.19.006807 [ PubMed] [ CrossRef] [ Google Scholar]

On 4 April 1862, he became engaged to Feozva Nikitichna Leshcheva, and they married on 27 April 1862 at Nikolaev Engineering Institute's church in Saint Petersburg (where he taught). [27]

Loren R. Graham, Science in Russia and the Soviet Union: A Short History, Cambridge University Press (1993), p. 45 In 1890 he resigned his professorship at St. Petersburg University following a dispute with officials at the Ministry of Education over the treatment of university students. [61] In 1892 he was appointed director of Russia's Central Bureau of Weights and Measures, and led the way to standardize fundamental prototypes and measurement procedures. He set up an inspection system, and introduced the metric system to Russia. [62] [63] Leslie Alan Horvitz, Eureka!: Scientific Breakthroughs that Changed the World, John Wiley & Sons (2002), p. 45 The datasets generated for this study are available on request to the corresponding author. Author Contributions This small error helps to support the notion that bohrium belongs firmly in group7 irrespective of any relativistic effects. Two directional triads

Hubert M., Delaizir G., Monnier J., Godart C., Ma H. L., Zhang X. H., et al.. (2011). An innovative approach to develop highly performant chalcogenide glasses and glass-ceramics transparent in the infrared range. Opticsexpress 19, 23513–23522. 10.1364/OE.19.023513 [ PubMed] [ CrossRef] [ Google Scholar] a b Larcher, Alf (21 June 2019). "A mother's love: Maria Dmitrievna Mendeleeva". Chemistry in Australia magazine. Royal Australian Chemical Institute. ISSN 1839-2539 . Retrieved 20 October 2019.He invented pyrocollodion, a kind of smokeless powder based on nitrocellulose. This work had been commissioned by the Russian Navy, which however did not adopt its use. In 1892 Mendeleev organized its manufacture. Mauro J. C., Morten M. S. (2014). Ultra-Thin Strengthened Glasses. U.S. Patent Application No. 13/961, 211. [ Google Scholar] Glass has been known to mankind for more than 5000 years, and it is one of the most common materials in modern life. Despite its long history, glass remains one of the most interesting objects to study in the field of inorganic materials science. Thanks to the work of researchers around the world and the variety of chemical elements collected in the Periodic Table, new glass compositions and processing methods are produced every year, creating new materials for the development of vital and sustainable technologies. According to theoretical calculations, the number of possible compositions of glasses is so large that the synthesis of all compositions would require the number of atoms close to the maximum theoretical content of atoms in the whole Universe ( Zanotto and Coutinho, 2004). Understanding the importance of glass science and technology, D. I. Mendeleev himself was actively engaged in the development of new glass-based materials, his main results were reflected in his 1864s book “Glass Production” ( Mendeleev, 1864). Soon even higher elements were synthesised. Not surprisingly these were expected to behave even more anomalously due to their even higher atomic numbers but as it turned out this is not what happened. Michael D. Gordin, "Measure of all the Russias: Metrology and governance in the Russian Empire." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 4.4 (2003): 783–815.