Carey, John (1989). "Ireland and the Antipodes: The Heterodoxy of Virgil of Salzburg". Speculum. 64 (1): 1–10. doi: 10.2307/2852184. JSTOR 2852184. S2CID 162378383.

Herodotus knew of the conventional view, according to which the river Ocean runs around a circular flat Earth (4.8), and of the division of the world into three – Jacoby, RE Suppl. 2.352 ff, yet rejected this personal belief ( Histories, 2. 21; 4. 8; 4. 36). Christine Garwood (2007) Flat Earth: The History of an Infamous Idea, Pan Books, ISBN 1-4050-4702-X Wolchover, Natalie (30 May 2016). "Are Flat-Earthers Being Serious?". LiveScience . Retrieved 17 October 2019.With the end of the Western Roman Empire, Western Europe entered the Middle Ages with great difficulties that affected the continent's intellectual production. Most scientific treatises of classical antiquity (in Greek) were unavailable, leaving only simplified summaries and compilations. In contrast, the Eastern Roman Empire did not fall, and it preserved the learning. [90] Still, many textbooks of the Early Middle Ages supported the sphericity of the Earth in the western part of Europe. [91] 12th-century T and O map representing the inhabited world as described by Isidore of Seville in his Etymologiae (chapter 14, de terra et partibus)

YouTube had faced criticism for allowing the spread of misinformation and conspiracy theories through its platform. In 2019, YouTube stated that it was making changes in its software to reduce the distribution of videos based on conspiracy theories including flat Earth. [76] [77] [78] Rob Picheta (18 November 2019). "The flat earth conspiracy is spreading around the globe. Does it hide a darker core?". CNN. Archived from the original on 27 March 2021 . Retrieved 17 November 2019.Shenton died in 1971. Charles K. Johnson, a correspondent from California, inherited part of Shenton's library from Shenton's wife; he incorporated and became president of the International Flat Earth Research Society of America and Covenant People's Church in California. Over the next three decades, under his leadership, the Flat Earth Society grew to a reported 3,500 members. [37] Further information: Spherical Earth §Medieval Europe Picture from a 1550 edition of On the Sphere of the World, the most influential astronomy textbook of 13th-century Europe

Contrary to the popular belief that the Earth was generally believed to be flat until a few hundred years ago, Earth's sphericity has been widely accepted in the Western world (and universally by scholars) since at least the Hellenistic period (323 BCE–31 BCE). [10] It was not until the 19th century that the Flat Earth concept had a resurgence.

a b c d Diaz Ruiz, Carlos; Nilsson, Tomas (16 May 2022). "EXPRESS: Disinformation and Echo Chambers: How Disinformation Circulates in Social Media Through Identity-Driven Controversies". Journal of Public Policy & Marketing. 42 (1): 18–35. doi: 10.1177/07439156221103852. S2CID 248934562. a b Ambrose, Graham (7 July 2017). "These Coloradans say Earth is flat. And gravity's a hoax. Now, they're being persecuted". The Denver Post . Retrieved 19 August 2017. Moshakis, Alex (27 May 2018). "Is the Earth flat? Meet the people questioning science". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021 . Retrieved 17 January 2019. Heigl, Alex. "The Short List of Famous People Who Think the Earth Is Flat (Yes, Really)". People . Retrieved 19 August 2017. Early medieval Christian writers in the early Middle Ages felt little urge to assume flatness of the Earth, though they had fuzzy impressions of the writings of Ptolemy and Aristotle, relying more on Pliny. [6] 9th-century Macrobian cosmic diagram showing the sphere of the Earth at the center ( globus terrae)