McDougal, Lasswell, and Chen studied dignity as a basis for international law. [52] They said that using dignity as the basis for laws was a " natural law approach." [53] The natural law approach, they said, depends upon "exercises of faith." [54] McDougal, Lasswell, and Chen observed: [55] Aid equipment provided some comfort but did not always fit and sometimes hurt, but assistant nurses provided comfort care by using various types of lifting aid equipment and putting pillows in strategic positions. Gratton, Brigitte. Survey on the National Regulations in the European Union regarding Research on Human Embryos (July 2002), 16.

a b c Paulus Kaufmann; Hannes Kuch; Christian Neuhäuser; Elaine Webster, eds. (2010-10-07). Humiliation, Degradation, Dehumanization: Human Dignity Violated. Springer. ISBN 9789048196616. To help residents, assistant nurses were observed to call for physiotherapists when needed and they also performed regular exercise sessions at the ward. Dignity-conserving repertoire of the Luftsicherheitsgesetz, which would have allowed the Bundeswehr to shoot down airliners if they are used as weapons by terrorists, was declared unconstitutional mainly on the grounds of human dignity: killing a small number of innocent people to save a large number cannot be legalized since it treats dignity as if it were a measurable and limited quantity. This ethnographic and deductive study was based on participant observations and interviews inspired by focused ethnographic principles [ 34, 35]. Focused ethnography has its roots in anthropology [ 35] and enables exploration of a particular issue in a specific setting. The method focuses on subcultural groups sharing particular traits instead of looking at whole societies [ 35, 36]. It is a recommended method in research involving older people [ 37] and palliative care [ 38] as it allows a deep understanding of a particular question and context and is carried out in an everyday setting. A deductive analysis approach was chosen as its structure was operationalized on the basis of an existing theory [ 39]. In this study, the theoretical dignity model (DM) by Chochinov was used [ 31]. SettingThe Ministry of Health enacted the Danish Council Act 1988, which established the Danish Council of Ethics. The Council advises the Ministry on matters of medicine and genetic research on humans. In 2001, the Council condemned "reproductive cloning because it would violate human dignity, because it could have adverse consequences for the cloned person and because permitting research on reproductive cloning would reflect a disregard for the respect due to the moral status of embryos." [47] France [ edit ]

Adler, Mortimer Jerome; Max Weismann (2000). How to think about the great ideas: from the great books of western civilization. Open Court Publishing. p.1. ISBN 978-0812694123. None of the residents mentioned how they wanted to be remembered, and they were not observed being active with life projects, i.e., journaling. Those provisions concerning human dignity have not been authoritatively interpreted or applied by any of the competent, independent, international institutions." Bartha Maria Knoppers, Human Dignity and Genetic Heritage: Study Paper (Law Reform Commission of Canada, 1991), note, at 23. None of the international proclamations make dignity the rare quality that some commentators say it should be.

Gratton, Brigitte. Survey on the National Regulations in the European Union regarding Research on Human Embryos (July 2002), 53. Wellbeing is defined as a broad concept relating to a number of factors, such as personal dignity, including treating the person with respect.

Pele, Antonio. (in Spanish) Una aproximación al concepto de dignidad humana Universitas. Revista de filosofía, derecho y política (Spain), Nº. 1, 2004 2005, pp.9–13. El Bernoussi, Zaynab (2014). "The postcolonial politics of dignity: From the 1956 Suez nationalization to the 2011 Revolution in Egypt". International Sociology. 30 (4): 367–382. doi: 10.1177/0268580914537848. S2CID 220723176.Waxman, Mordecai; Tseviyah Ben-Yosef Ginor; Zvia Ginor (1998). Yakar le'Mordecai. KTAV Publishing House, Inc. p.66. ISBN 978-0881256321.

In the 20th century, dignity became an issue for physicians and medical researchers. It has been invoked in questions of the bioethics of human genetic engineering, human cloning, and end-of-life care (particularly in such situations as the Terri Schiavo case, a controversial situation in which life support was withdrawn from a woman diagnosed in a persistent vegetative state). [44] International bodies [ edit ] Swedish Institute. Elderly Care in Sweden. 2021. https://sweden.se/society/elderly-care-in-sweden/. Accessed 14 Mar 2022. Dignity" also has descriptive meanings pertaining to the worth of human beings. In general, the term has various functions and meanings depending on how the term is used and on the context. [4]Although residents’ bodies were the largest violators of dignity, the most dignity-conserving repertoire came from within. It was apparent that they had different personalities, coloured by their previous lives. Despite this, they were proud of having coped independently and with endurance. Their acquired perspectives of self-knowledge provided them with tools to distinguish what was still possible from what they just had to accept. Thus, even those with extensive care needs and no control found ways to escape negative thoughts and find meaning in everyday life. This ability may result from inner creativity, helping residents to remain self-dependent, even if their bodies fail [ 53]. Residents in this study appeared to have found dignity by accepting disease and deterioration with a fighting spirit, which aligns with research with younger people with multiple sclerosis [ 54]. Cleland J, Hutchinson C, Khadka J, Milte R, Ratcliffe J. What defines quality of care for older people in aged care? A comprehensive literature review. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2021;21:765–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.14231 Philosophers of the late 20th century who have written significant works on the subject of dignity include Mortimer Adler and Alan Gewirth. [20] Gewirth's views on human dignity are typically compared and contrasted with Kant's, for like Kant he theorizes that human dignity arises from agency. [21] [22] But while sharing Kant's view that rights arise from dignity, Gewirth focused far more than Kant on the positive obligations that dignity imposed on humans, the moral requirement not only to avoid harming but to actively assist one another in achieving and maintaining a state of "well-being". [21] Among other topics, including the dignity of labor, [23] Adler extensively explored the question of human equality and equal right to dignity. [24] According to Adler, the question of whether humans have equal right to dignity is intrinsically bound in the question of whether human beings are truly equal, which itself is bound in the question of whether human beings are a distinct class from all things, including animals, or vary from other things only by degree. Adler wrote that the only sense in which it is true that all human beings are equal is that they are equally distinct from animals. [25] "The dignity of man," he said, "is the dignity of the human being as a person—a dignity that is not possessed by things." [26] To Adler, failure to recognize the distinction challenged the right of humans to equal dignity and equal treatment. [27] [28] Others [ edit ]