Black Sarawak Pepper from Malaysia, 200 g

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Adam Aziz (9 April 2019). "No two-thirds majority for Bill to make Sabah, Sarawak equal partners". The Edge Markets. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019 . Retrieved 10 April 2019. He also said that the ministry might not be able to control the price of pepper as it is determined by market forces, and that was why the farmers are encouraged to plant other cash crops as an alternative source of income. Around the time of Federation, overall literacy in Sarawak was quite low. In 1960, the overall literacy rate was 25%, with a heavy slant in the literacy rate towards the Chinese population, 53%, compared with that of indigenous peoples which was substantially lower, only 17%. [266] By 2007, overall literacy in adults aged 15 and over had significantly increased to 92.3% and in 2012, this had climbed to 96%. [267] a b Faulkner, Neil (7 November 2003). Niah Cave, Sarawak, Borneo. Current World Archaeology Issue 2. Archived from the original on 23 March 2015 . Retrieved 23 March 2015.

Patricia, Hului (12 September 2016). "Celebrating Batu Lintang Camp liberation day on Sept 11". The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 11 December 2018 . Retrieved 17 June 2017. The Melanau are a native people of Sarawak that lived in areas primarily around the modern city of Mukah, where they worked as fishermen and craftsmen as well renowned boatbuilders. Historically the Melanau practised Animism, a belief that spirits inhabited objects in their environment, and while this is still practised today, most Melanau have since been converted to Christianity and Islam. [138] [91] [note 7] [300] Muhyiddin calls Sarawak a 'region', Malaysia's model of unity". Borneo Post Online. 2 April 2021 . Retrieved 12 April 2021. Sarawak is served by a number of airports with Kuching International Airport, located south west of Kuching, being the largest. Flights from Kuching are mainly to Kuala Lumpur but also to Johor Bahru, Penang, Sabah, Kelantan, Singapore and Pontianak, Indonesia. A second airport at Miri serves flights primarily to other Malaysian states as well as services to Singapore. Other smaller airports such as Sibu Airport, Bintulu Airport, Mukah Airport, Marudi Airport, Mulu Airport, and Limbang Airport provide domestic services within Malaysia. There are also a number of remote airstrips serving rural communities in the state. [240] Three airlines serve flights in Sarawak, Malaysia Airlines, Air Asia, and MASwings all of which use Kuching Airport as their main hub. [246] The state owned Hornbill Skyways is an aviation company that largely provides private chartered flights and flight services for public servants. [247] Bintulu International Container Terminal (BICT) at Bintulu seaport

Sarawak is home to three public universities – Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Universiti Teknologi Mara at Kota Samarahan, and Universiti Putra Malaysia – as well as the private Curtin University, Malaysia and Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus. The latter two are satellite campuses of Curtin University in Perth and Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne, Australia. [263]

The indigenous tribes of Sarawak traditionally used oratory to pass on their culture from one generation to the next; [330] [note 11] examples of these traditional practices include the Iban's Ngajat dances, [331] Renong (Iban vocal repertory), [332] Ensera (Iban oral narratives), [305] [note 12] and epic storytelling by the Kayan and Kenyah. [333] [334] Ngajat, the Iban warrior dance gazetted as part of Sarawak culture. Between 1853 and 1862, there were a number of uprisings against the Brooke government but all were successfully contained with the aid of local tribes. [59] To guard against future uprisings, a series of forts were constructed to protect Kuching, including Fort Margherita, completed in 1871. By that time Brooke's control of Sarawak was such that defences were largely unnecessary. [62] Ling, Sharon (14 February 2014). "Muhyiddin: Umno need not be in Sarawak". The Star (Malaysia) . Retrieved 23 June 2014. In comparison to the number of other medical facilities, mental health is only serviced by a single facility, Hospital Sentosa. [255] This abundance of medical services has made Sarawak a medical tourism destination for visitors from neighbouring Brunei and Indonesia. [256] Fadillah, who is also Plantation and Commodities Minister, said in Sibu, there are a total of 3,402 small pepper planters, and MPB Sibu had distributed RM7.6 million to help 346 pepper planters.but still live in villages consisting of longhouses, with the addition of the distinctive round baruk where communal gatherings were held. [138] Sustainable practices provide a slew of perks for the crop fields as well as the surrounding forest. WWF-Malaysia works with farmers to start pilot plots that replace chemical fertilizer with plant compost and animal manure, strengthening soil fertility. This shift reduces water pollution and even sequesters carbon, which helps to fight the climate crisis!

From this personal relationship, I began looking into the farming and use of Sarawak pepper five years ago, when I saw it on a menu at a Michelin-starred restaurant in London. This turned into a wider pepper exploration and a 10-part podcast series, Taste of Place. Pepper’s origin story is nuanced, at times contradictory and always fascinating. It is also a story of cuisine, and how it has embedded itself in various cultures. My Constitution: Sabah, Sarawak and special interests". Malaysian Bar. 2 February 2011. Archived from the original on 19 November 2016 . Retrieved 13 November 2015. Tourism plays a major role in the economy of Sarawak and contributed 7.9% of the state's GDP in 2016. [218] Recipe reprinted from Sambal Shiok: The Malaysian Cookbook by Mindy Yin, Quadrille Publishing Ltd, 2021)

Christianity is the largest religion in Sarawak, representing 50.1% of the total population according to the 2020 census. [315] This makes Sarawak the only Malaysian state with a Christian majority. The earliest Christian missionaries in Sarawak were Church of England ( Anglicans) in 1848, followed by Roman Catholics a few years later, and Methodists in 1903. Evangelization first took place among the Chinese immigrants before spreading to indigenous animists. [316] Other Christian denominations in Sarawak are Borneo Evangelical Mission (or Sidang Injil Borneo), [317] and Baptists. [318] Indigenous people such as the Iban, Bidayuh, and Orang Ulu have adopted Christianity, although they do retain some of their traditional religious rites. Many Muslims come from the Malay and Melanau. Buddhism, Taoism, and Chinese folk religion are predominantly practised by Chinese Malaysians. [319] Other minor religions in Sarawak are the Baháʼí Faith, [320] Hinduism, [321] Sikhism, [322] and animism. [323] SPECIAL REPORT: The Ming Court Affair (subscription required)". Malaysiakini. 9 January 2013 . Retrieved 23 June 2014.