Britain's Tudor Maps: County by County

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The highest-status artists of the period were generally Europeans who have moved to London, such as the sculptor Pietro Torregiano, who was commissioned to create the effigies of Henry VII, Elizabeth of York, and Margaret Beaufort in Westminster Abbey; and Hans Holbein, who became court painter to Henry VIII and created many of the iconic portraits of the period. [157] See also [ edit ] The largest and most serious was the Pilgrimage of Grace. It disrupted the North of England in 1536 protesting the religious reforms of Henry VIII, his dissolution of the monasteries and the policies of the King's chief minister, Thomas Cromwell, as well as other specific political, social and economic grievances. [65]

Place Names: United Kingdom, England, Scotland, Wales, Norfolk, London, Greenwich, Kent, Devon, Cornwall, Manchester, Lincoln, Durham, York, Worcester, Monmouth, Bristol, Gloucester, ChesteFelch, Susan M. (ed.), Elizabeth I and Her Age (Norton Critical Editions) (2009); 700pp; primary and secondary sources, with an emphasis on literature Sydney Anglo, "Ill of the dead: The posthumous reputation of Henry VII", Renaissance Studies 1 (1987): 27–47. online. Historians agree that the great theme of Tudor history was the Reformation, the transformation of England from Catholicism to Protestantism. The main events, constitutional changes, and players at the national level have long been known, and the major controversies about them largely resolved. Historians until the late 20th century thought that the causes were a widespread dissatisfaction or even disgust with the evils, corruptions, failures, and contradictions of the established religion, setting up an undertone of anti-clericalism that indicated a rightness [ Maybe "ripeness" was intended.] for reform. A secondary influence was the intellectual impact of certain English reformers, such as the long-term impact of John Wycliffe (1328–1384) and his " Lollardy" reform movement, together with a stream of Reformation treatises and pamphlets from Martin Luther, John Calvin, and other reformers on the continent. The interpretation by Geoffrey Elton in 1960 is representative of the orthodox interpretation. He argued that:

Hanson, Marilee. https://englishhistory.net/tudor/tudor-population-figures-facts/ "Tudor Population Figures & Facts", English History, February 8, 2015 Source: Keith Johnston, The Half-Crown Atlas of British History (Edinburgh, Scotland: W. & A. K. Johnston, 1871) 12 Lipscomb, Suzannah (2012). A Visitor's Companion To Tudor England. Ebury Press. p.12. ISBN 9780091944841.Willis, Deborah. Malevolent nurture: Witch-hunting and maternal power in early modern England (Cornell University Press, 1995). During this period, England developed into one of the leading European colonial powers, with men such as Sir Walter Raleigh taking part in the conquest of the New World. Nearer to home, campaigns in Ireland brought the country under strict English control. Bland, A. E., P. A. Brown and R. H. Tawney (eds). English economic history: select documents (1919). online 733pp; covers 1086 to 1840s. O'Day, Rosemary. The Routledge Companion to the Tudor Age (2010); also published as The Longman Companion to the Tudor Age (1995) online

Culturally and socially, the Tudor period saw many changes. The Tudor court played a prominent part in the cultural Renaissance taking place in Europe, nurturing all-round individuals such as William Shakespeare, Edmund Spenser and Cardinal Wolsey. Main article: Elizabethan era The Procession Picture, c. 1600, showing Elizabeth I borne along by her courtiersMarcus, Leah S.; Rose, Mary Beth; and Mueller, Janel (eds). Elizabeth I: The Collected Works (University of Chicago Press, 2002). ISBN 0226504654. This name is sometimes given as Tewdwr, the Welsh form of Theodore, but Modern Welsh Tudur, Old Welsh Tutir is originally not a variant but a different and completely unrelated name, etymologically identical with Gaulish Toutorix, [8] from Proto-Celtic *toutā "people, tribe" and *rīxs "king" (compare Modern Welsh tud "territory" and rhi "king" [9] respectively), corresponding to Germanic Theodoric. Duffy, Eamon. "The English Reformation After Revisionism", Renaissance Quarterly 59.3 (2006): 720–31.