Linares IM, et al. (2019). Cannabidiol presents an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve in a simulated public speaking test.

Legare CA, Raup-Konsavage WM, Vrana KE. Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis, Cannabidiol, and Cannabinoid-Based Pharmaceuticals. Pharmacology. 2022;107(3-4):131-149. doi:10.1159/000521683 Chesney E, et al. (2020). Adverse effects of cannabidiol: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Hurd YL, Yoon M, Manini AF, et al. Increasing cannabinoid levels by pharmacological and genetic manipulation delay disease progression in SOD1 mice. FASEB J. 2006;20(7):1003-1005.

27. Immunomodulatory Effects 

Cather JC, Cather JC. Cannabidiol primer for healthcare professionals. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2020;33(3):376-379. Published 2020 Jul 6. doi:10.1080/08998280.2020.1775437 Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. For example, research from 2018 looked at numerous studies on CBD and pain, dating between 1975 and March 2018. The review concluded that CBD shows a lot of potential as a pain treatment, especially for cancer-related pain, neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia. For stress levels

The study notes that CBD is tested and has shown benefits for contextual fears (context matters). As well as states that other evidence indicates how CBD “modulates fundamental neurobiological processes” with Pavlovian fear conditioning, which is learning the different environments and stimuli that are related to threats, and therefore helping survival during fearful events. Cannabidiol disrupts memory reconsolidation (re-remembered), leading to sustained fear attenuation (reduction) upon memory retrieval. But these effects could stem from CBD interacting with other medications, such as clobazam, as it can interact with various drugs. It’s always a good idea to speak with a qualified healthcare professional about the right dosing for you and your risk of experiencing side effects. Babson KA, Sottile J, Morabito D. Cannabis, cannabinoids, and sleep: a review of the literature. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2017;19(4):1-2. doi:10.1007/s11920-017-0775-9The study found that CBD reduced vascular tension by 40% as a maximum of pre-existing condition. This includes human arteries, involving CB1 receptor activation. https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1611618?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov While consuming CBD oil has potential benefits, a few side effects may cause discomfort for CBD users.

Broad-spectrum CBD products also contain all extracts of the cannabis sativa plant, with the exception of the trace amount of THC. Many broad spectrum CBD products list that they contain either less than 0.01% THC by dry weight or are completely THC-free. CBD IsolateThe study also found that after conduction research on rats, that CBD increased CBF, which significantly affects and decreases the probability of a stroke. A decrease in CBF shows great relevance to strokes. This was huge step in medical treatment as the first approved treatment for Dravet Syndrome. According to FDA.gov, “ Epidiolex’s effectiveness was studied in three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials involving 516 patients with either Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or Dravet syndrome. Epidiolex, taken along with other medications, was shown to be effective in reducing the frequency of seizures when compared with placebo.” Other ingredients: If the product is, say, a CBD-infused tea, then the rest of the ingredients should be specified. Margaret Rajnic, a doctor of nursing practice experienced in medical cannabis and CBD, emphasizes the importance of using therapy in tandem with any type of cannabis or CBD for PTSD. “There is an amount of therapy that is needed for PTSD,” she says. “But CBD will give you that little bit of decreased anxiety.”

Nachnani R, Raup-Konsavage WM, Vrana KE. The Pharmacological Case for Cannabigerol. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2021;376(2):204-212. doi:10.1124/jpet.120.000340 Initial CBD studies [ Neurotherapeutics . 2015] found that CBD helps inhibit ‘drug-seeking behavior with viritually no possibility of abuse or over-use.CBD is shown to have potent effects in internal body controls, [ Biochem Pharmacol. 2008] and shows significant evidence for increasing the activation of cells that control immune response and health (T cells). CBD gives evidence of increasing the magnitude of specific cell function responses that increase immune system benefits and modulation. Therefore improving immune function. CBD has the potential to interact with medications, including those that also interact with grapefruit.