Women who receive incentives are twice as likely to successfully quit throughout pregnancy (and remain a non-smoker postpartum) compared to those that do not receive incentives. Supporting more women to have a smokefree pregnancy will reduce the number of babies born underweight or with health problems (for example, respiratory, heart defects) requiring neonatal and ongoing care. It will also reduce the risk of miscarriage and stillbirth. Babies exposed to tobacco smoke in pregnancy or in the home are also at a higher risk of sudden infant death (cot death). 5. Youth vaping Overview

As noted in Chapter 1, New Zealand became the first country in the world to prohibit the sale of tobacco to anyone born after a specified date, as part of a broader set of policies announced under its Smokefree Aotearoa 2025 Action Plan. Such action is supported by most people in this country. 71% of adults in Great Britain support raising the legal smoking age by one year each year. Policy summary Smokefree generation policy CVD is one of the largest contributors to health disparities. People living in the most deprived areas of England are almost twice as likely to die prematurely from CVD than people in the least deprived areas. As with other health risk behaviours, experimentation and prevalence is higher among older children. According to NHS Digital’s report Smoking, drinking and drug use among younger people in England 2021, 1% of 11 year olds were current vape users, compared with 18% of 15 year olds. This lower rate in younger children has been the case since data collection began in 2014. However, in 2021, there were larger increases in current use for those aged 14 and 15 compared to younger age groups. I have also made several other recommendations throughout my report, presenting a holistic response to the challenge of delivering smokefree 2030, and setting the country on the path to making smoking obsolete.set out plans to target illegal activity at all stages of the supply chain to stamp out opportunities for criminals in light of the new rules The relationship between smoking and type 2 diabetes is nonlinear, particularly for high exposure levels where the mean risk curve becomes flat (Fig. 3a). We adjusted observations that were generated in subpopulations, because it was the only significant bias covariate identified by the bias covariate selection algorithm (Supplementary Table 7). There was moderate heterogeneity in the observed RR data across studies and our meta-analytic method fit the data and covered the estimated residuals extremely well (Fig. 3b,c). After trimming 10% of outliers, we still detected publication bias in the results for type 2 diabetes. See Supplementary Tables 4 and 7 for study bias characteristics and selected bias covariates, Supplementary Fig. 5 for results without 10% trimming and Supplementary Table 8 for observed RR data and alternative exposures across studies for the remaining 3-star pairs. Two-star associations According to Local tobacco control profiles, smoking prevalence in people who have routine and manual occupations in 2022 was 22.5% and the odds of being a current smoker in this group is 2.24 times higher than being a current smoker in other occupational groups. In 2022, 20.1% of unemployed adults in England were current smokers, compared with 12.7% of employed adults. Impact of smoking on income

Therefore, it is not recommended to smoke paper, even in an emergency. It’s always best to use rolling papers or other smoking devices specifically designed for smoking. Alternatives to Smoking PaperThe use of disposable vaping products (sometimes referred to as single use vapes) has increased substantially in recent years. A disposable vape is a type of vape designed to be single use. These devices are neither rechargeable nor refillable and are discarded when it runs out of charge or e-liquid. They contain plastic, copper, rubber, and a lithium battery. Some parts, like the battery, can be widely recycled, whereas other parts, such as any rubber pieces, are not easily recyclable. Smoking is closely associated with poor mental health and wellbeing. People with mental health conditions die 10 to 20 years earlier with smoking contributing significantly to this. Smokers are also 1.6 times more at risk of dementi a, including Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia, and 14% of dementia cases can be attributed to smoking internationally. Smoking and levelling up