Joined in 2023 
82 
63 About this deal
Work by Muggenthaler et al, also referred to in: The Secret Of A Tiger's Roar, ScienceDaily, 1 December 2000, American Institute of Physics, Inside Science News Service (1 December 2000), Retrieved 25 December 2011 Infrasound wavelengths can be generated artificially through detonations and other human activity, or naturally from earthquakes, severe weather, lightning, and other sources. [69] Like forensic seismology, algorithms and other filter techniques are required to analyze gathered data and characterize events to determine if a nuclear detonation has actually occurred. Data is transmitted from each station via secure communication links for further analysis. A digital signature is also embedded in the data sent from each station to verify if the data is authentic. [71] Detection and measurement [ edit ] Nishida K, Kobayashi N, Fukao Y (2000) Resonant oscillations between the solid earth and the atmosphere. Science 287:2233–2246 According to traditional interpretations, pitch is the psychological experience of the frequency of the sound pressure and reflects the location of energetic coupling along the basilar membrane. Stimulation closest to the oval window is experienced as higher pitch than stimulation of the membrane most distally. This proximity is the major reason that protracted exposure to very loud >110 db pressure fluctuations, which can damage the adjacent regions of the basilar membrane and can produce hearing permanent loss in the higher-frequency range. Loudness reflects the displacement from the “vertical” of the organ of Corti. They are the thread-like (cilia) actin-containing filaments that extend into the surrounding viscous fluid. At the threshold for perceiving a whisper, the displacement of air within the ear is the approximate width of a hydrogen atom. At the threshold of pain, the displacement is about the diameter of a cell (Cameron et al. 1992). Johnson, Jeffrey Bruce; Ripepe, Maurizio (15 September 2011). "Volcano infrasound: A review". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 206 (3): 61–69. Bibcode: 2011JVGR..206...61J. doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.06.006. ISSN 0377-0273.
Evces CR, McElhaney JH (1971) Some effects of drugs on the low frequency whole body vibration of dogs. Aerospace Med 42(4):416–428 Inagaki, T.; Li, Y.; Nishi, Y. (10 April 2014). "Analysis of aerodynamic sound noise generated by a large-scaled wind turbine and its physiological evaluation". International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 12 (6): 1933–1944. doi: 10.1007/s13762-014-0581-4. S2CID 56410935. Bershadsky AD, Balaban NQ, Geiger B (2003) Adhesion-dependent cell mechanosensitivity. Ann Rev Cell Dev Biol 19:677–695 One of the major consequences of the shift from forces to energies during the twentieth century was the emergence of the principle that the latter was transformed rather than eliminated. When quantum considerations are incorporated (which is dependent upon frequency) and the relevance of resonance is added, the applied energies from multiple sources to a boundary condition can produce nonlinear effects within the volume. In addition to congruence or coupling of extrinsic and intrinsic frequency patterns, the additional variable is penetrability. Electromagnetic fields, particularly the magnetic field component at lower (biofrequency) ranges, and infrasound have the capacity to penetrate completely the primarily aqueous volume of the living system. Infrasound, sometimes referred to as low frequency sound, describes sound waves with a frequency below the lower limit of human audibility (generally 20 Hz, as defined by the ANSI/ASA S1.1-2013 standard). [1] Hearing becomes gradually less sensitive as frequency decreases, so for humans to perceive infrasound, the sound pressure must be sufficiently high. The ear is the primary organ for sensing low sound, but at higher intensities it is possible to feel infrasound vibrations in various parts of the body.Bruel and Olesen ( 1973) found that artificial generation of infrasound around 12 Hz within the 85–110 db range elicited ill-feelings within a few seconds in several people. While infrasound pressures between 115 and 120 db generated between 1 and 20 Hz did not produce visual anomalies during routine test-taking behaviors, there was a 30–40 % increase in reaction time as well as the sensation of lethargy (Evans and Tempest 1972). Application of whole-body vibrations from vertically applied sinusoidal variations displays maximum transmissibility around 5–6 Hz with a range between about 3 and 7 Hz (Stephens 1969). The frequency band with specific effects can be quite narrow. For example, sensations reported as body movements occurred in about one-third of volunteers exposed to 5–10 Hz vibrations, whereas visual effects were more prominent at 12, 14, and 19 Hz. Tingling sensations were evident around 32 Hz. Cifra M, Fields JT, Farhadic A (2011) Electromagnetic cellular interactions. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 105(3):223–246 Switching ON the system will instantly start the generation of the vibrations at infrasound levels and if the volumes are kept sufficiently high, you will find the nearby objects also vibrating and falling down of the shelf quite weirdly - the vibrations being totally “invisible.” Meyer Sound 700-HP UltraHigh-Power Subwoofer datasheet" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2007 . Retrieved 14 November 2007. Sun Y, Wang C, Dai J (2010) Biophotons as neural communication signals demonstrated by in situ biophoton autography. Photochem Photobiol Sci 9:315–322
Gorham R, Persinger MA (2012) Emergence of partial complex epilepsy-like experiences following closed head injuries: personality variables and neuropsychological profiles. Epilepsy Behav 23:152–158 The fact that the human body is a physical structure that exhibits mechanical resonances as well as the emissions of electromagnetic energy from glucose metabolism during the resting state (~100 W m −2) and photons (~10 6 photons m −2 s −1) emphasizes the importance of resonance phenomena from a plethora of external sources. When resonance is involved, the absolute magnitude of “how strong” the stimulus is less important than the frequency pattern and the narrow range of congruence for the intensity of the intrinsic and extrinsic vibrations. Resonance phenomena allow relatively weak stimuli that are temporally and spatially congruent with the system to interact with and significantly affect the stability of the system. In this instance, the fundamental unit is the cell. Ades HW, Graybiel A, Morrill SN, Tolhurst GC, Nivon JL (1958) The non-auditory effects of high intensity sound stimulation on deaf human subjects. J Aviat Med 29:454–467 a b c d e Monitoring, Government of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Nuclear Explosion. "IMS Infrasound Network". can-ndc.nrcan.gc.ca . Retrieved 25 April 2017. {{ cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) The precision of description and the prediction of characteristics of phenomena are strongly dependent upon the instrumentation. As cogently argued by Alves-Pereira ( 1999) and Costelo Branco and Alves-Pereira ( 2004), the average db level that is displayed by most conventional instruments designed to detect sound pressure can underestimate the total potential energy. A measure that reflects frequency distribution (spectra) of the average amplitude of acoustic energy present in the environment, not just what is heard, is essential to understand the biobehavioral impact.A Study of Low Frequency Noise and Infrasound from Wind Turbines" (PDF). Ia.cpuc.ca.gov . Retrieved 12 March 2022. Direct measurement of the endocochlear potential by Salt et al. ( 2013) revealed the potential chemical mechanisms involved with infrasound effects. Knowing (1) the vestibular and tympanic scala contain fluids with typical extracellular concentrations (high in sodium) while the interfacing space (the endolymph) contains a high concentration of potassium, and (2) this differential concentration of ions, analogous to the phenomenon of the plasma membrane of a single cell, results in a potential difference of about 80 mV, they injected isotonic potassium chloride into the cochlear apex of guinea pigs. Application of only 5 cycles of 0.3 Hz but not sustained pressure to the external canal increased concentrations of potassium that were derived from pulses of endolymph driven from the sinus into the endolymphatic sac (Salt and Hullar 2010). Persinger MA (1995) Neuropsychologica principia brevita: an application to traumatic (acquired) brain injury. Psychol Rep 77:707–724 Li C-yT, M-m Poo, Dan Y (2009) Burst spiking of a single cortical neuron modifies global brain state. Science 324:643–645 Goerke VH, Young JM, Cook RK (1965) Infrasonic observations of the May 16, 1963, volcanic explosion on the island of Bali. J Geophys Res 70(24):6017–6022
That a specific region of the human brain responds to infrasound has been clearly demonstrated by Dommes et al. ( 2009). They exposed healthy volunteers to short bursts of infrasound and low-frequency sounds at 12, 36, 48, and 500 Hz delivered through the auditory canal during fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) measurements. Conspicuous increases in signal intensity within the contralateral temporal cortices that included the primary and interpretational (secondary) regions from the auditory stimulation occurred above 70 db for the 36 Hz and above 90 db for 12 Hz stimuli. 5.1 Critical but less-known characteristics of the “organ of hearing” The superlative research of Salt and Hullar ( 2010) highlights the importance of understanding the technical features of microanatomy of the inner ear. The cochlea is a series of fluid-filled cylindrical spaces that spiral around the auditory nerve and are sensitive to differential pressures changes. The membrane between the spaces, the organ of Corti, contains a row of inner hair cells and three rows of outer hair cells. The latter cells display stereocilia with variable lengths. Some of these cilia are embedded in the overlaying gelatinous membrane. At low frequencies, the inner cells respond to the velocity of the displacement of the basilar membrane while the outer cells respond to the actual displacement.
However the amplifier needs to be fed with a frequency input for it to reproduce them over the attached speakers. The speakers used are specifically “woofers” to enable the handling of the produced low frequencies (infra-level) efficiently. Preferably use 12-inch models with 40 watts of power handling capacity. The pipes also need to be of the same diameter. Dotta BL, Saroka KS, Persinger MA (2012) Increased photon emission from the head while imagining light in the dark is correlated with changes in electroencephalographic power: Support for Bokkon’s biophoton hypothesis. Neurosci Lett 513:151–154 The equivalences of the energies from electromagnetic and mechanical sources indicate convergence or compliment of their individual effects when they are presented simultaneously. From the perspective of parsimony, both electromagnetic and mechanical energies are the expression of the “same” entity. Their concurrence is escalating in the cultural environment. For example, sound from music presented by devices placed into the ear canals (as opposed to listening to music from distant speakers or instruments propagating waves through air) is also associated with a concomitant magnetic field. Persinger MA (2010) 10 −20 Joules as neuromolecular quantum in medicinal chemistry: an alterative approach to myriad molecular pathways. Curr Med Chem 17:3094–3098
The secret behind generating effective infrasound is creating a sort of “pumping” action over an enclosed volume of air at the specified frequency. To be precise the air volume needs to be resonated at the specified frequency. This is best done by channelizing the sound waves through pipes or narrow columns before throwing it into the room. a b "Sounds like terror in the air". The Sydney Morning Herald. 9 September 2003 . Retrieved 12 March 2022. O'Keefe, Ciaran, and Sarah Angliss. The Subjective Effects of Infrasound in a Live Concert Setting. CIM04: Conference on Interdisciplinary Musicology. Graz, Austria: Graz UP, 2004. 132–133. E. Von Muggenthaler: Infrasound from the okapi, invited presentation, student competition award, proceedings from the 1992 American Association for the Advancement of Science (A.A.A.S) 158th conference, 1992 As discussed by Stephens ( 1969), high intensity infrasound can be produced by diesel engines or conventionally designed heating and ventilating systems in modern buildings. For example, many rooms within the author’s university, particularly after “retrofitting” and “renovations,” produced infrasound pressure variations that exceeded 90 db during whole-building bulk air flow. Aircraft engines are a powerful source of infrasound and low-frequency noise exceeding 120 db across a wide spectrum (Alves-Pereira and Castello Branco 2007a, b). Large man-made objects such as ships and airplanes can behave as intrinsic oscillators of infrasound. The experiments and equipment constructed by Gavreau ( 1968) and his colleagues (Gavreau et al. 1966), which produced extremely powerful (kW) “pure” infrasound waves, appear to have been forgotten. Their adverse influences described as “silent killers” were discussed by Dunning ( 1968). 9.3 Modern wind turbines
How to Use a Frequency Counter
Appropriate instrumentation to discern the influence of infrasound is essential. Most building and industrial engineers utilize the A-weighting shapes for sound pressure meters. These correspond to the sensitivity of human hearing as reflected in the response of inner hair cells. Full-spectrum (unweighted) measures require the C-weighted measurements that include the lower frequencies. Salt and Kaltenbach ( 2011) found that G-weighted measures include more infrasound components. As reported by Rohracher ( 1955), the human body displays microvibrations primarily between 6 and 12 Hz over its extent. The amplitudes of these microvibrations are typically between 1 and 5 μm, although when muscles are tensed, the peak-to-peak variation may approach 50 μm without a change in frequency. For reference, the average width of a cell body, such as the neuron, is ~10 μm. During sleep, the amplitude decreases to about half the waking value. Increased thyroid activity can be associated with slightly higher frequencies (14 Hz). The vibrations continue for several hours after death. In comparison, a displacement of only 0.3 μm at 1 kHz for 90 db (0.63 Pa) of sound pressure occurs in the tympanic membrane (Cheng et al. 2010). Frey AH (1962) Human auditory systems response to modulated electromagnetic energy. J Appl Physiol 17(4):689–692
Related:
Great Deal 
New Comment